Irregular glutamate signaling and calcium overload contribute to the development of ALS. Patients with ALS experience excitotoxicity, which comes from the increased amounts of excess glutamate around their motor nerve cells. Excitotoxicity leads to intercellular levels of calcium being unbalanced in the motor nerve cells, leading to eventual motor neuron cell death. This project will model an ALS environment in cockroaches and help scientists determine how different levels of electrical current can affect intercellular calcium levels, either by reducing them or increasing them. This project will create equations that precisely relate specific electrical currents to calcium dynamics, which can be used by scientists and translated to humans to determine how a similar level of electrical stimulation on the spinal cord or nerves can lead to the progression of ALS slowing down. Scientists are unaware of what electrical frequencies can lead to less calcium transients entering the motor nerve cells. This project will help determine the specific relationship between electrical stimulation and calcium dynamics in a neuromodulated environment using a neurological model, such as cockroaches.