1971: B.Sc, Physics, St.Stephen's College, Delhi, India.
1973: M.Sc, Physics, Delhi University, Delhi, India.
1980: Ph.D, Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

RESEARCH INTERESTS: My research is in the area of quantum information theory, which explores how the information stored in quantum objects, such as single photons or atoms, can be exploited to perform novel tasks not possible using more conventional means. Examples of such tasks are superdense coding, teleportation and unconditionally secure key exchange for cryptographic purposes. Many of these tasks exploit a magical feature of the quantum world known as entanglement, whose full meaning began to be appreciated only after the proof of a deep theorem by John Bell in 1966. One aspect of my work has been concerned with newer proofs of Bell's theorem that are free of the inequalities (or statistical effects) characteristic of the original proof and its later refinements. My principal achievement has been to show, in parallel with the work of A.Cabello in Spain, how a proof of Bell's theorem can be given without inequalities and only two observers, thus reducing by one the number of observers involved in the well known Greenberger- Horne-Zeilinger proof. Other problems I have worked on, and have a continuing interest in, are quantum state estimation (determining an unknown quantum state of which only a limited number of copies is available), quantum state retrodiction (determining the state of a quantum system in the past from information acquired later), and schemes for key distribution in quantum cryptography.

Fellow of the Institute of Physics (UK)

RECENT PUBLICATIONS
PH 3402: Quantum Mechanics II
PROJECT ADVISING (MQPs and IQPs)
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